Valve-free pipes inspired by shark intestines have been developed by scientists. Using a helix structure, these pipes enable one-way fluid flow without relying on traditional valves. Rigid and ...

For larger buildings, though, the costs can add up. While the front-end costs for PVC can be higher, it is worth noting that PVC potentially can save money over time once maintenance and energy ...

Buried pipe systems are critical infrastructural components where the interaction between soil and structure plays a defining role in performance and longevity. This interaction encompasses a range of ...